99 PART-TIME BUSINESSES FOR STUDENTS
A collection of businesses selected especially for college and
senior high school students interested in augmenting their
income through free enterprise.
These businesses can be started with minimal training and
investment and are virtually certain to produce extra income.
Most can be operated by one or a group of students, and can be
sold for an additional profit upon graduation.
For best results browse through the enclosed business
suggestions and note those that sound interesting. Jot down
alternative products and services that come to mind. This list
is designed to work with and stimulate your imagination. Only
you can possibly know your personal qualifications and interests
or the current market in your community. As you compile your
list of "possibles", take a good look around your market area.
Note what is and isn't available, what is over priced and
inadequate that people in your community will pay for. When you
find just the right combination for your particular situation,
start preparing for a successful business!
The recommended method to prepare for a successful business is
to write out a business plan. This is simply an outline of what
you plan to do and how you intend to do it. Writing your
business plan will force you to organize your business both on
paper and in your own mind and help insure your ultimate
business success.
Finally, check with city hall or the county courthouse (and
school if you operate on campus) on state and local license, tax
or permit requirements before investing. Sometimes a minor
adjustment at this stage can prevent future headaches!
Finally, familiarize yourself with your subject and start
ordering initial supplies (business cards, rubber stamp,
ledger). Don't invest too much in initial stock. You will
undoubtedly make adjustments as you learn more about your market.
GOOD LUCK IN YOUR NEW BUSINESS!
99 PART-TIME BUSINESSES FOR STUDENTS
01 - SCHOOL TYPING. Operate a typing/word processing service for
other students: type assignments in draft and then in final
form. Charge by the page; extra to correct spelling (except for
computer spell or Thesaurus) and/or grammar and for rush jobs.
02 - AUTO MARKING Engrave (vibrator or drill bit) or etch (acid
creme) auto serial numbers on bottom corners of front and rear
window glass as a theft deterrent. Expand to etching custom
designs or monograms on windows and around mirrors.
03 - DESERT GLASS. Collect and sell sun-baked, weather-beaten
glass in interesting colors. Make your own synthetic version by
baking and/or sandblasting suitable objects with inexpensive
equipment. Advertise your materials in hobby magazines.
04 - TEACHER DIRECTORY. Collect and publish names, credentials,
photos of teachers in your area or at your school. Include their
education, some background, current duties, interests and other
qualifications. Sell to educators and the teachers.
05 - CHAIR CANING. Use cane, plastic or other interesting
materials to weave chair, etc., seats and backs onto casual and
picturesque chairs for clients. Buy old chairs with promise at
bargain prices to re-glue, refinish, re-cane and sell.
06 - CITY LOT CLEAN-UP. Work with the city to learn of lots that
must be cleaned up. Contract to do the required work on lots
they designate (city adds bill to owner's taxes). Contact
absentee owners to help them avoid future city actions.
07 - MINERALS AND GEMS. Where petrified wood, meteorites, jade
or other potential gem minerals are available, gather, sort and
process them. Sell finished jewelry and polished or cut stones,
create displays, including information cards with specimens.
08 - GARAGE SALES. Buy a variety of bargain priced items at
auctions and other garage sales (learn which things sell best).
Clean them up (don't repair). Store until sufficiently stocked,
then have your own sale " or "joint" sales at various locations.
09 - BALLOON BOUQUETS. Make up and sell balloon arrangements for
special occasions. Add other unusual features, such as "talking"
strings, delivery in costume or with a song (from a pocket
recorder?). Offer extras such as gifts and boxed candy.
10 - TELEPHONE SALES. Call listed or phone book names to sell
merchandise, services or subscriptions for a commission or
hourly basis. Consider adding your own products where you keep
all the profit. Pay fellow students to help on a part-time basis.
11 - BASKET WEAVING. Design, make and sell a variety of your
basket creations: plain and decorated (or with arrangements).
Include a small descriptive folder with each basket indicating
it's lore and the fact that it was made by a student!
12 - CAT FURNITURE. Specialize in furniture and accessories for
cats: toys, rug covered scratch poles, inside and outside
(insulated) sleeping boxes, leashes, even clothing. Grow (or
have grown) and dry your own catnip for toy stuffing and sales.
13 - TUTOR REFERRAL. List teacher specialties and availability
for private sessions. Advertise for students and schedule them
for tutor sessions. Arrange for student led group tutorials
(seminars) for reviews to brush up for exams and tests.
14 - LITTLE LEAGUE CARDS. Take pictures of small fry baseball,
etc., players, posed in uniform with their equipment Have
printed on cards with name, position and other ''official''
information. Sell in sets with extra copies for parents.
15 - YARD CLEAN-UP. Clean up yards after winter, evictions or
storms. Mow, remove debris, trim shrubbery, water, replant,.
fertilize. Place ad after storms for private homeowners; list
with real estate and rental agencies for wholesale work.
16 - POMANDERS. Revive this old Egyptian art in your spare time.
Process oranges into hardened, long-lasting sachets. Use your
own blend of spice mixtures and penetrating cloves. Showcase
when finished in attractive, individual (sealed) boxes.
17 - CACTUS CULTURE. Propagate, grow, and arrange native and
exotic cacti for retail and wholesale markets. Prepare
information booklets about the species for each plant. Expand to
hybrids and grafting and unusual specimens for extra profit.
18 - CALLIGRAPHY. Easily learned by an artistic person: work
through stationery stores, distribute (calligraphed, of course)
cards (display one in local paper). Print graduation
announcements, wedding invitations, place cards and theme paper
covers.
19 - SHRUBS. Learn to start, train and nurture shrubs that do
well in your area. Display the best specimens in proper sized
pots and planting mixtures. Include an info folder with each
(care, lore, best uses). Charge to deliver, plant and guarantee.
20 - CEMETERY CARE. Contract with cemetery associations or
families for small plots to provide care for grounds or specific
grave sites. Offer monthly mowing, fertilization, placement of
flowers, repair of any damages and periodic checks.
21 - AFRICAN VIOLETS. Specialize in the propagation and care of
this popular indoor plant (great for small student rooms!).
Nurture and sell when in full bloom. Offer accessories: pots,
shelves and lighting. Keep small ad in student newspaper.
22 - CHILDREN'S STORIES. Compose (or adapt) stories (some with
"messages") to relate at kid's parties. Create your own props
and encourage audience participation (good gauge of acceptance).
When story line is perfected, write it for publication.
23 - CHRISTMAS DECORATING. Make up a variety of Christmas (or
any holiday) decorations to sell at peak periods. Offer prepared
and customized arrangements, for room decorations or to mail
home. Buy your supplies in bulk during off season.
24 - COIN SEARCHING. Buy rolls of coins from stores and banks,
(or "hoarders"). Get a good coin book (from a coin dealer) and
search through them for coins worth over face value. Replace
with regular coins and trade in for more rolls, repeat!
25 - CONCESSION BOOTH. Operate a weekend booth or stand at a
recreation area, shopping mall, flea market or parking lot. Sell
your own products (for the highest profits), but take others on
consignment if they will help attract more customers.
26 - CURB PAINTING. Always good for extra bucks! Use a 3 to 4
inch number stencil and fast dry black spray paint to inscribe
house numbers on curbs in front of homes. Do the job fast, then
request a (usually) $2 to $5 "donation" from occupants.
27 - STAND-IN DAREDEVIL. Advertise your service to perform
difficult (awkward, embarrassing or proxy) tasks for clients
(break or ask for dates, apologize, pay overdue debts). Charge
for your time, mileage and for any actual physical risk.
28 - DAY LABOR AGENCY. Specialize in unskilled or semi-skilled
workers for short-term or part-time jobs. Keep list of workers,
their job qualifications and their availability. Be able to
deliver workers when and where needed for a percentage.
29 - DECORATIVE PATCHES. Design patches, quilted names and
sew-on decals for sweatshirts, garden shirts, working smocks,
club jackets. Make up models to show (and sell). Offer custom
made garments, patch adding service, or do-it-yourself kits.
30 - DELIVERY SERVICE. Contract with local markets, drug stores
and pizza parlors to deliver their products on a retainer and/or
per-trip basis. Call in for orders or use car phone. Affix
appropriate magnetic car signs when delivering for each client.
31 - RENTAL PREPARATION. Prepare apartments and rent houses for
re-occupancy. Do touch-up painting, minor repairs, cover
scratches, remove stains, replace bulbs, mow lawn, fix leaky
faucets and drains, shampoo rug, clean cabinets, fog for bugs.
32 - POPCORN PRODUCTS. Make up, seal and market various popcorn
base products. Give your recipes unique, exotic names. Create
colorful holiday, special occasion and "message bearing"
containers to attract attention and show off your product.
33 - DOG HOUSES. Build and sell plain, fancy and custom dog
houses in different sizes, shapes and colors. Offer a selection
of extras: insulation, treated wood on bottom, air vents, insect
repellant and storage space under hinged roof panels.
34 - DRIFTWOOD ART. With sandblaster, power or hand wire brush,
form and finish interesting pieces of driftwood (and similar
specimen woods) into decorations, lamps, candle holders and
plant mounts. Collect more driftwood on trips and vacations.
35 - CHILD PICK-UP SERVICE. Pick up and deliver client's kids
after school theater, games and concerts. Deliver and pick them
up from parties. Offer reduced rates for more than one child per
family; extra to stay until parents return home.
36 - LAWN DISPLAYS. Make and sell painted plywood holiday
displays for lawns (Santa, religious, bunnies, characters).
Offer lighted versions; charge extra to deliver and set up or
pick up. Use Outdoor plywood (preferably signboard) quality.
37 - AUTO DETAIL APPOINTMENTS. Go to client's home by
appointment to wash, wax and vacuum their car. Charge extra to
scrub tires, renew plastic and rubber, to pick up the car and
have it serviced. Offer polymer wax protection as an option.
38 - BABY SITTING SERVICE. Accumulate a list of qualified,
bonded sitters and advise them of your rules. Advertise your
service and rates. Deliver and pick up sitters if necessary. Pay
sitters a percentage of the fee (they keep any tips).
39 - GARAGE CLEANING. Contract to clean out garages, sheds and
attics for individuals, rental agents and absentee landlords.
Charge by the hour or bid on the entire job. Get paid for the
work and keep anything of value as a bonus.
40 - COMPUTER TUTOR. Go to client's home or office and instruct
them to use their equipment and operate their programs.
Advertise your consulting service to prospective buyers of
equipment and programs. Offer a line of shareware programs.
41 - GARDEN PREPARATION. Offer digging (Rototill) service, with
options to treat and fertilize gardens for customers. Plant,
cultivate, weed, maintain (water, spray), even harvest for extra
charges. Very good in rural areas for senior citizen customers.
42 - ANT FARMS. Collect ant colonies and construct glass cases
to display them. Learn about ants first so your colonies will
survive! Include info cards with each case on the type of ant
and its history. Sell to pet shops, schools and individuals.
43 - GOPHER CONTROL. Contract to rid yards and gardens of these
pests. Clean up hills (smooth, water down). Set traps, use gas
"bombs", gas engine exhaust or treated bait. Guarantee your
service for 90 days; re-do if gophers re-appear.
44 - GOURD CULTURE. Grow or process a variety of interesting
gourds. Make them into decorations, utensils, painted figures,
birdhouses. Retail finished gourds and do-it-yourself finishing
kits. Sell seed packets with instructions to grow gourds.
45 - HOLIDAY, SPECIAL EVENT BASKETS. Prepare holiday and special
event baskets of fruit, flowers and other "goodies." Have a
retail display and take custom orders. Offer local stores
baskets on consignment: let stores take orders for you for a
commission.
46 - HOME HANDYMAN. Perform handyman services for those who
can't or don't have the time. Advertise clearly what you do,
keep your appointments and guarantee your work. Make money while
saving your customers an expensive service call.
47 - HOME STUDY COURSES. Sell/rent new and used home study
courses. Buy new courses on sale (when available) then buy them
back from students (when in good condition). Consider giving
tests and issuing a diploma upon successful completion.
48 - HOSPITAL GROOMING. Assist patients with nail, hair, skin
care in hospitals and nursing homes. License may not be needed
when you help patients to "do it themselves". Make appointments
for this service or visit on a scheduled or route basis.
49 - HOUSE PAINTING. Contract to paint houses and apartments or
rooms by the job. Have assistance (other students?) on hand when
needed. Increase your profit by supplying quality (only) paint
and supplies and bidding on the entire job.
50 - PET SITTING. Feed, water, exercise, clean up after and
check on pets twice a day (or as agreed) in their homes while
owners are away. Offer additional services, such as checking the
mail. Call owners or veterinarian if there are any problems.
5l - WOODEN NAME TAGS. With template, scroll or jigsaw, fashion
desk signs, name tags, door names, etc., from various types of
ordinary and expensive wood and plywood. Apply exotic finishes
and use quality bases. Native woods may be popular.
52 - EXERCISE COMPANION. Serve as a walking, jogging or aerobics
companion for company, morale support and extra protection (good
in cities). Carry any necessary (legal) protection (e.g.,
canes). Help client stick to their exercise schedule.
53 - LAWN MAINTENANCE. Contract to mow lawns by the job or
season. Charge extra to edge, rake, collect and remove
clippings. Refer related jobs to cooperating businesses for a
finder's fee or commission. Expand your service as you grow.
54 - CUSTOM CLOTHING DESIGNS. Paint, block print or transfer
unique or custom designs onto items of clothing: smocks,
T-Shirts, jackets and fabrics to be made into clothing. Use
designs, illustrations, cartoons, school emblems, popular themes.
55 - LIBRARY RESEARCH. Use our talent and the school library to
provide research data, technical details and background
information for clients who need subject "homework" performed.
Charge by the hour, page or a flat fee for your efforts.
56 - LIGHT HAULING. Use your pick-up or van to pick up
groceries, haul off used bricks or deliver a large doghouse.
Advertise with magnetic truck signs, in the yellow pages and
paper. Hire helpers when jobs require; even others with trucks.
57 - REPORTING, LOCAL. Gather and write items about your
neighborhood, school, town for local or home town paper. If
necessary work free (at first) to gain experience and "name."
For early acceptance, write articles about local people.
58 - MACRAME. Make and sell a good selection of hangers and
hangings. Take orders for custom work. Find (and keep secret)
good sources for materials, make up and sell do-it-yourself
kits. Place your creations on consignment in local stores.
59 - MAGAZINE SUBSCRIPTIONS. Sell a variety of magazine
subscriptions from your ''office'.' Use "gimmicky" ads, give
credit for leads and prizes for multiple sales. Do lots of
telephone canvassing. Have a special every time you call.
60 - ERRAND SERVICE. Run errands for individuals and businesses:
go to the corner store or across the country. Deliver and pick
up messages, important papers, messages. Use helpers (on
percentage basis) when needed to ensure prompt service.
61 - CHILDREN'S TOWN HISTORY. Write a booklet about your (or
their) town just for kids. Include photos or drawings to
stimulate and hold interest. Sell copies to doctors, dentists,
hospitals and banks (to use in their offices or give away).
62 - METAL RECYCLING. Pick up, sort, process (dismantle, clean
wires) waste metals from any source. Accumulate into lots, wait
for higher prices and sell to salvage yards. Advertise to buy
surplus metals from individuals (at lower rates).
63 - PAPER ROUTE. Operate one or more newspaper routes. Large
routes can be operated with a car, especially with two people.
More than one paper can be handled when schedules don't conflict
(just don't tell either about the other).
64 - SIGN RETOUCHING. Use quality regular or luminous paint to
re-touch painted signs (no special talent needed!). Charge much
less than sign painter and provide results that spruce up your
customer's image and save them a good deal of money.
65 - PEN PAL CLUB. Advertise for members. Categorize by age,
interests, sex, background, educational level, political
persuasion, etc. Charge an initial membership fee and then for a
newsletter and/or for addresses of "matches" from your files.
66 - PET CAGES. Build standard and custom cages for birds, cats,
hamsters. Offer a line for travel and/or shipping as well as
models that can double as a place to keep the animals while the
family is on a trip. Include cage covers and accessories.
67 - SHOPPING SERVICE. Go grocery shopping for busy or
housebound clients. Get their list, buy and deliver. Use your
shopping and pricing knowledge to get clients the best values
for their money. Charge a percentage of the bill for your
services.
68 - POOL AND SAUNA CARE. Provide regular or on-call cleaning
and regular maintenance for home and commercial swimming pools
and sauna systems. Work with distributors or place ads for your
service. Refer repair work for finder's fees.
69 - DISK JOCKEY. With your music library, equipment and talent,
take charge of the music at parties, business banquets and
weddings. Offer a selection of music and package deals. Agree on
the type of music and length of time you are to play.
70. TEMPLE RUBBINGS. With a large lumber type crayon and large
sheet of rugged paper, copy stone or metal relief designs. Place
the paper over the design and rub with the crayon to form a
rustic representation. Seal (spray), frame and sell.
71 - PUPPET MAKING. Create your own puppets (cartoon,
caricatures or custom faces). Give shows at children's (or young
adult) parties. Train both "actors" and puppet makers. Charge
for your shows. Make and sell puppets, skits and accessories.
72 - RAG DOLLS. Make rag, sock and similar stuffed dolls in your
own unique fashion. Attach your label and offer to stores in
your area. Offer to place them on consignment at first. When
satisfied they are ready to sell, advertise nationwide.
73 - ROOMMATE REFERRAL. List and "match" singles, etc., desiring
company and expense sharing help. Consider apartment needs,
proximity to job or school, finances AND personalities. Good
part-time project for person with a computer!
74 - SCHOOL PHOTOGRAPHY. Specialize in class, team and school
group photography. Sell picture packets, trading photos,
graduation photographs, prom and homecoming photos plus pictures
of students involved in school events (games, honors, etc.).
75 - SEED PACKETS. Collect, sort, label and sell packets of
selected wildflowers or plants native to your area. On small,
retail packets, include a picture of the grown plant,
instructions, history and folklore to help stimulate buyer
interest.
76 - PLANT INSTALLATION. Work with nurseries. Deliver, properly
plant and prune new trees and shrubs. Provide initial watering
and starter chemicals. Leave verbal and/or written instructions
with customers on how to properly care for their shrubs.
77 - SHUT-IN SERVICE. Call and/or visit temporary or permanent
shut-ins on behalf of absentee or working relatives. Take books
and magazines, play games, read to them, listen to them, and be
their friend. Report any problems to the relatives.
78 - SNOW CONE STAND. Sell shaved ice cones from your stand or
van: with as many flavors as possible. Have a large sign with
enticing illustration. Include other products to augment sales:
candy, popcorn, hot dogs and coffee for cold days.
79 - SNOW REMOVAL. Use your shovel or snow blower to clear walks
on a one-time basis or by the season (retainer plus time basis)
for private residences and/or business locations. Sell and apply
chemicals to help keep waIkways clear.
80 - STORM WINDOWS. Advertise each spring and fall to put up and
take down storm windows. Expand to a complete winterizing
service: caulking, weather stripping. Carry a small supply of
needed materials to sell to customers.
81- SCHOOL PERFORMANCES. Record (tape or VCR) school band,
plays, recitals. Sell complete copies as well as selected "up
close and personal" shots that features one person or a small
group. Sell these to proud moms and dads (or the students).
82 - BALLOON STAND. Set up your booth or table with an air tank
(helium) and supply of balloons and accessories. Sell at
parades, fairs, flea markets, ball games, wherever the kids are!
Booth can be a light trailer that unfolds, ready to set up.
83 - TELEPHONE CANVASSING. Contract with salesmen or businesses
to obtain leads for them or customer info from your telephone
operation. Charge by the number of leads provided. Hire
assistants as needed; graduate to selling your own line.
84 - TOWN HISTORY. If none exists, "publish" a booklet about
your (or any) town. Sell or consign to merchants for resale. Or,
show merchants a draft, sell ads and let participating merchants
give them away as "permanent" advertising. Or, both!
85 - TRASH CAN HOLDERS. Improve the environment: offer several
models, colors and price ranges of dog-proof but eye pleasing
trash can bins and holders with covers. Arrange to sell new
trash cans that fit the holders for an extra commission.
86 - WILD BERRIES. Pick preserve and sell wild (only)
blackberries, gooseberries, etc. Prepare different forms, but
emphasize that they are genuine wild products. If local laws
prevent retailing, sell direct to stores, bakeries and fine
restaurants.
87 - MOTHER NATURE'S SEEDS. In your travels, gather (pick, buy)
wildflower seeds. Seal and label, then take home and cultivate
carefully to produce seeds for nature's plants "from around the
nation." Sell in individual and mixture seed packets.
88 - BIRDHOUSE BUILDING. Build and decorate fine, scientifically
designed birdhouses and feeders for native birds as well as
those that migrate to or through your area. Make up little info
folders for each model listing its application.
89 - BIRTHDAY LISTS. Compile birthday (anniversary, etc.)
mailing lists to rent to merchants. Or, contract to mail cards
out each season on their behalf, with their return address. Get
info from tax and voting lists, from drawings and contests.
90 - FLYER DISTRIBUTION. Hire students to distribute ads,
samples, coupons, announcements, door-to-door or on parked car
windows. Charge extra to record occupant reactions. Contract
with individual businesses and advertising agencies.
91 - RESIDENTIAL POSTCARDS. Take flattering pictures of
well-kept homes (business fronts, too!) and have printed as
postcards. Mail sample postcards to homeowners with an offer of
2 dozen or so additional copies at a "special introductory"
price.
92 - LOCAL HEROES. Research and write items about local citizens
that qualify as heroics (police, scouts, lady pioneers,
ancestors, office holders). Sell to local publications,
subject's family. After writing several, publish as a collection.
93 - PET PHOTOGRAPHY. Specialize in pet portraits: in their
home, your studio or in a "natural" setting. Offer a base price
for a portfolio. Go to dog shows and take pictures of willing
subjects (don't forget the losers!). Sell to proud owners.
94 - SAWDUST MOLDING. Use free sawdust (yours or from mill). Mix
with glue, sand, pumice, etc. Mold into figurines, lamp bases
and other products. Develop your own sawdust, glue, coloring
recipes. Make molds with rubber mold compound.
95 - MINIATURE GARDENS. Create various sizes of garden-like
display containers of live plants for hospital sick rooms, boxes
for balconies, rooftop planters, offices and apartments. Include
instructions for plant care so your products will last.
96 - BUILDER'S CLEAN-UP. Clean up nails, wrappers, wood scraps
after construction jobs. Sweep out building, pick up and haul
away all debris. Salvage leftovers as a bonus. Work with
contractors in your area - call them and offer your services.
97 - TEXTBOOK EXCHANGE. Buy, sell trade and rent textbooks,
reference books and clean workbooks in demand near educational
institutions. Offer your service by mail to new students.
Advertise that you take in trades (last year's subject for this).
98 - SCARECROWS. Create interesting and authentic scarecrows for
gardeners and garden displays. Sell do-it-yourself kits,
complete with frames, straw, old clothes, frames, hand and face
parts. Design and offer wind-driven movements as extras.
99 - HOUSEHOLD PACKER. Work on-call with moving companies and/or
advertise your services to self-movers (list with truck
rentals). Find a source for packing materials and make an extra
commission on them. Help customer move for an additional fee.
AND, A FEW EXTRAS...
100 - ESCORT SERVICE. Supply (legitimate) escorts for social
events, official and business functions. Advertise for on-call
escorts. Interview, qualify and have bonded. Have strict rules
on conduct with signed employee contract agreements.
101 - EDUCATIONAL CASSETTES. Make, duplicate and market
cassettes: technical studies, bible readings, children's
stories, educational lectures (with permission), textbook
chapters, language declensions, etc. Sell to stores or rent to
students.
102 - BUTTON MAKING. Make and sell buttons and badges for
promotions, special events and elections (both sides!). Work
from a corner in your home; travel to and set up booths at
fairs. Prepare buttons in advance for games, causes,
celebrations.
103 - AUTO THEFT PROTECTION. Offer a variety of devices, systems
and price ranges that you can install (and maintain) to help
prevent your customers' cars from being stolen. Work with
security supply houses and/or design your own deterrents.
104 - DAMAGE REPAIR. Restore property damaged by vandalism. Hire
fellow students to clean, paint over graffiti, make minor
repairs, replace glass. Provide owners with itemized list of
duties performed and supplies utilized (for insurance).
105 - LAMPSHADES, PHOTO. Make lampshades from translucent, heat
resistant materials with family or fellow student photos (with
school emblems, pretty coeds, football heroes). Use client's
pictures or take them anew to adorn the custom lampshades.
106 - COPYRIGHT FREE BOOKLETS. Advertise and sell unprotected
booklets from government/state/university printing facilities.
Reproduce them (most are copyright free), but do not claim
authorship. Offer a selection to customers answering your ads.
107 - ETHNIC ARTIFACTS. Buy/create and market one category of
products (Indian, Black heritage, German). Focus your
advertising and expertise on a specific market segment. It's
cheaper than "shotgun" advertising and undoubtedly, more
profitable.